Newborn Jaundice: What Parents Should Know

Jaundice, a yellow colour of the skin and eyes, is very common in newborn babies. It affects more than half of all full-term babies and even more premature babies. In most cases it is mild and goes away on its own, but it is important to know when to see a doctor.

Why does jaundice happen?

Jaundice is caused by a build-up of bilirubin, a yellow substance made when red blood cells break down. A newborn's liver is still maturing and cannot clear bilirubin quickly, so levels rise in the first few days of life. This is called physiological jaundice and usually appears on day 2 or 3 and fades within 1 to 2 weeks.

When jaundice needs attention

See a doctor promptly if:

• Jaundice appears in the first 24 hours after birth
• The yellow colour spreads to the tummy, arms or legs
• Your baby is very sleepy, difficult to wake or not feeding well
• Your baby has pale stools or dark urine
• Jaundice lasts more than 2 weeks (3 weeks in premature babies)

How is it checked?

A simple skin meter or a small blood test measures the bilirubin level. Doctors compare the result with charts based on your baby's age in hours to decide whether treatment is needed.

Treatment: phototherapy

Most babies who need treatment are placed under special blue lights called phototherapy. The light changes bilirubin into a form the body can remove easily. It is safe and painless; your baby's eyes are covered to protect them, and you can continue to feed during breaks. Very high levels, which are rare, may need more intensive treatment in the NICU.

What parents can do

• Feed your baby often, 8 to 12 times a day, as feeding helps clear bilirubin
• Check your baby's skin colour in natural daylight
• Keep your follow-up appointment after discharge

Our neonatologists and paediatricians are always available if you are unsure. When in doubt, it is always better to get your baby checked.