Male factors contribute to nearly half of all infertility cases, which is why a semen analysis is one of the very first tests we recommend for couples trying to conceive. It is simple, painless and gives us a wealth of information. But the report itself can be confusing, so let us walk through it.
How the test is done
The sample is collected by masturbation into a sterile container, ideally after 2 to 5 days of abstinence. It is allowed to liquefy for 30 to 60 minutes and then examined under a microscope by a trained technician.
Key values on your report
The values below are based on World Health Organization (WHO) reference limits. Results slightly below these numbers do not mean you cannot father a child, they simply guide the next step.
| Parameter | What it means | WHO lower reference |
|---|---|---|
| Volume | Amount of semen | 1.4 ml |
| Sperm concentration | Sperm per millilitre | 16 million/ml |
| Total motility | Percentage of moving sperm | 42% |
| Progressive motility | Sperm moving forward | 30% |
| Normal morphology | Normally shaped sperm | 4% |
Common terms you may see
- Oligozoospermia, low sperm count
- Asthenozoospermia, reduced motility
- Teratozoospermia, high percentage of abnormally shaped sperm
- Azoospermia, no sperm seen in the sample
What if my results are abnormal?
Don’t panic. Sperm counts naturally vary, so we usually repeat the test after a few weeks. Many causes are treatable:
- Infections, treated with medicines
- Varicocele, may be corrected surgically
- Lifestyle factors, smoking, alcohol, obesity, heat exposure and stress
- Hormonal problems, often treatable with medication
Because sperm take around three months to develop, healthy changes today show up in the report about 10 to 12 weeks later.
Treatment options
Depending on the results, your doctor may suggest lifestyle changes and medicines, IUI for mild problems, or ICSI when the count or motility is very low. Even in azoospermia, sperm can often be retrieved surgically for ICSI.
Book a confidential test
At Meenakshi Fertility Centre, semen analysis is done in a private, comfortable setting and results are kept strictly confidential. Our doctors will explain your report and the best way forward.
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult our specialists for guidance about your own health.
